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JUMBI UNDO (PRELIMINARY EXERCISES)
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Junbi Undo (preliminary exercises) is the warm up exercises of
Goju-Ryu Karate-Do. It consists of a systematic full body series
of exercises designed to warm up, strengthen, stretch, condition,
co-ordinate and prepare the Karate practitioner's body and mind
for the challenges of traditional Karate training.
The Junbi Undo exercises were compiled and developed by Master
Chojun Miyagi after years of research and consultation with physicians
and other Martial Arts' Sensei. Contained within these exercises
are a variety of Karate Kihon (basics) which include stances,
strikes, punches, blocks, and kicks. Junbi Undo exercises also
develop Qigong, pronounced "Chi Kung" (practice of internal and
external universal energy) and Kokyu-Ho (inhale/exhale breathing
method).
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| Preliminary Exercises
Before Starting Karate Training |
The preliminary exercises which we do today were systematically
developed by Miyagi Chojun Sensei. These preliminary exercises
serve not only to limber up the muscles but also serve as a basis
for perfectÌng the student's karate techniques. Moreover, these
exercises were developed with a great deal of consideration for
the needs of the human body. Doing strenuous karate training without
the preliminary exercises could cause damage to the muscles. The
student will also lack speed and flexibility of movement.
It is important to start with light exercises to warm up the
muscles, to limber up all the joints of the body, and to get the
blood circulating. After these preliminary exercises, your body
is prepared to start hard training. These simple exercises help
to improve one's karate techniques and also to arouse one's enthusiasm.
These exercises are meant to serve as a lifelong form of mental
as well as physical training.
The preliminary exercises begin with a stretching of the joints
of the toes, then continue with stretching exercises for the ankles,
exercises for the achilles tendon, moving up through the legs,
the torso, and upper limbs, finishing up with exercises for the
neck.
The latter exercises are to build up physical strength and stamina.
Students who find themselves lacking in physical strength and/or
stamina should do these exercises repeatedly to help them develop
their muscles, physical strength, stamina, and also to help them
strengthen their joints. Students should make sure to exhale and
inhale correctly while doing each exercise. Doing the exercises
with correct breathing helps to improve the blood circulation
and strengthens the internal organs, as well as aiding muscles
development. Thus, for these reasons, doing the preliminary exercises
before starting the formal karate training is important.
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| HOJO UNDO (SUPPLEMENTARY
EXERCISE) |
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Hojo Undo translates as "supplementary exercises".
It is the study and practice of the ancient Kigu (equipment)
used in Okinawan Goju-Ryu Karate-Do. Most of the Hojo Undo equipment,
with the exception of the Okinawan Makiwara and the Kongo Ken,
were brought to Okinawa by Master Kanyro Higaonna upon his return
from Foochow, China. Hojo Undo strengthens and toughens the body,
develops Qigong (practice of internal and external universal energy)
and Kokyu-Ho (inhale/exhale breathing method).
There is a special adult class dedicated to the study of the
ancient implements of Hojo Undo. Sensei trains and teaches the
following implements: Makiwara (striking post), Chiishi (stone
lever weight), Nigiri Game (gripping jars), Ishi Sashi (stone
padlocks), Tan (Chinese barbell), Tetsuarei (dumbbells), Kongo
Ken (oval metal weight), Sashi Ishi (heavy stone), Tou (bamboo
bundle), Tetsuwa (iron rings) and Makiagi Kigu (wrist roller).
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The Chishi is also known as Chikaraishi (power
stone). It's a weight training equipment consisting of a wooden
handle which is fitted in a concrete weight. Many of the exercises
with the Chishi develops strength in the grip and wrist ,
something which if necessary for the ability to execute many
of throwing and locking techniques which exist within the
katas. Chishi develops even the focus in the punch and to
increase the strength in the blocking techniques. Many of
the movements are made in shiko dachi with focus in the tanden.
Chishi helps you to get better balance ,stance and taisabaki.
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The Ishisashi was originally used as "stone padlock"
for buildings. Often used as an extra load in punching and blocking
training. The open handle on the Ishisashi makes it possible to
put ones feet into it which also enables one to train the feet and
ankle with kicking exercises. Develops and strengthens the muscles
of the forearm , upper arms and wrist.
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The Tou is a bundle of bamboo sticks taped together
at the ends and is used for nukite practice and conditioning.
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The Tan is originally from the wheels of a trolley
and strongly resembles a barbell. It has a weight bar of wood and
either stone or iron weights on the ends. The Tan can be used in
several different exercises and conditions the arms for blocking
and develops the muscles which is used in the performance of the
kata Sanchin.
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The Nigirigame "gripping jar" is a jar of clay
with mouth specially designed to train the strength of finger
gripping. Okinawan karate relies heavily on gripping, grabbing
and tearing techniques and another device that is wonderful
in these aspects is the gripping jar. A good exercise is to
step in Sanchin dachi , root yourself then lift the Nigirigame
in front of you , until it is horizontal to the ground, hold
it out there. Jars are filled with sand or water.
In Okinawa they have many types of jars. Each
jar can have a different shape. In Sanchin kata we do a technique
called double nukite (spearhand strike). When you do this
technique you can visualise your arms around a kami (jar).
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In Okinawa they have many types of jars. Each
jar can have a different shape. In Sanchin kata we do a technique
called double nukite (spearhand strike). When you do this
technique you can visualise your arms around a kami (jar)
like what is demonstrated in the picture.
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The Makiwara is a essential training device
for the karateka. The makiwara is basically a board about
4 feet long , padded at one end and anchored at the other.
The makiwara can be an invaluable teacher. From it the karateka
can learn proper punching, technique, stance , weight transfer
and hip rotation. It sounds clinche, but with the right practice
it turns one's fist into a true weapon.
The very first thing to remember when working
with a makiwara is that it will always win. If you punch it
too hard, too soon, you will damage a knuckle...and it will
still be there waiting for you the next time! (This is particularly
a problem with young male students, finally given an opportunity
to hit something.) The student of the makiwara should initially
just push the pad with their punch, taking care to get all
the little things right, for example:
- First two knuckles on the pad
- Strong wrist
- Arm extended but elbow not locked
- Shoulders down
- Head up
- Rear well chambered
- Hip rotation into the punch
- Strong stance
- Muscles not used in the techniques very relaxed
- Mind focusing on refining the technique, not the job just
left or soon to be started
With practice the pad can be struck harder,
but always keep your priorities straight. If you let your
enthusiasm carry you away, you'll be hurting...and the maki
will still be waiting.
What's important is not how hard it's hitten
but how many times. Repetition is a hallmark of good training
with a makiwara.
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The Kongoken : Chojun Miyagi Sensei made this. training
equipment after having observed wrestlers on Hawaii who were with
a heavy round iron ring. Miyagis man -sized oval version are very
good for developing a strong upper body and to strength the grip
and arms muscles and of course the body conditioning. The Kongoken
can be used alone or together with another student in different
exercises.
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The Makiage Kigu is is a wrist roller, a wooden handle
with a weight hung in the center on the rope. You twist the handle
and wrap the rope onto it , raising and lowering the 'weight , and
strengthening the wrist and grip.
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